Head and neck phantom

This phantom simulates a contrast-enhanced head in the arterial phase (CT angiography). The neck and upper thorax are depicted down to the aortic arch and the fifth thoracic vertebra, with the crown of the head modeled to about 0.5 cm below skin level.

The internal carotid artery shows calcifications at the carotid bifurcation on both sides, with moderate stenosis on the right side; otherwise the phantom shows no significant vascular pathology. It is intended for CT (including CBCT) evaluation and optimization of CTA imaging performance, and for post-processing applications such as vessel segmentation, including AI-assisted workflows. It also works well for training purposes. Air cavities are filled with a cellulose-polymer composite at approximately -160 HU.

Diagnostic features: realistic simulation of head and neck vessels down to the aortic arch, plus bone and soft-tissue; calcifications of the internal carotid artery at the carotid bifurcation bilaterally, with mild stenosis on the right side.